DVCC Based (2 + α) Order Low Pass Bessel Filter Using Optimization Techniques

This paper proposes the design and analysis of (2 + α) order low pass Bessel filter using different optimization techniques. The coefficients proposed are obtained by minimizing error between transfer functions third-order approximation simulated annealing (SA), interior search algorithm (ISA), nonlinear least square (NLS) best technique based on in gain, cut-off frequency, roll-off, passband, stopband, phase is chosen for designing filter. stability has also been done W-plane. responses optimized attained FOMCON toolbox MATLAB SPICE. circuit realization 2.5 two DVCCs (differential voltage current conveyors), one generalized impedance converter (GIC) inductor, fractional capacitor. implemented frequency 10 kHz a wideband Monte Carlo noise analyses performed SPICE results shown good agreement.